Does surgical technique add to the risk of bone cement implantation syndrome?

nomic nervous system activity before surgery. Also, Jideus and colleagues concluded that ‘the diminished circadian variation in autonomic nervous system before surgery and the indirect signs of a higher parasympathetic activity in patients developing postoperative AF compared with patients remaining in sinus rhythm, may indicate a propensity for AF.’ Thus, impairment in autonomic nervous system function, is thought to play a role in the development of postoperative AF. Previous studies clearly showed a close relation between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and impaired cardiac autonomic function. Habek and colleagues showed that progression of diastolic dysfunction is associated with a significantly greater prevalence of reduced cardiac autonomic nervous system activity. Bonapace and colleagues found that early diastolic dysfunction, as measured by tissue Doppler imaging, is independently associated with impaired cardiac autonomic nervous system activity with normal systolic function. As a consequence, we believe that the relation between impairment on cardiac autonomic nervous system function may have a significant role in the relation between DD and postoperative AF.